Activated Carbon
Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, is a highly porous form of carbon that has been processed to have a large surface area, making it exceptionally effective at adsorbing (binding) various molecules and impurities. This material is widely used in industries for filtration, purification, and environmental cleanup processes due to its ability to trap pollutants, odors, and toxins.
The production of activated carbon involves heating carbon-rich materials like wood, coal, or coconut shells at high temperatures in the presence of an activating agent, such as steam or certain chemicals. This process opens up millions of tiny pores within the carbon structure, vastly increasing its surface area and enhancing its adsorptive capacity. A single gram of activated carbon can have a surface area exceeding 3,000 square meters.
Activated carbon is commonly used in water and air purification systems, where it effectively removes contaminants like chlorine, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and harmful chemicals. It is also employed in medical settings for treating poisonings and overdoses, as it can bind to toxins and prevent their absorption in the body. Additionally, activated carbon is used in industrial processes for refining, decolorizing, and recovering valuable materials. Its versatility and effectiveness make it a crucial material in a wide range of applications.